Chapter 4: MCQs for Doctors

Chapter 4: MCQs for Doctors and Medical Students for Exams and Interviews

5000 Plus MCQs for Doctors and Medical Students for Exams and Interviews. MCQs have long been a staple of medical education, and they continue to play a crucial role in the assessment of doctors and medical students. These questions typically consist of a stem, or a statement that poses a problem or question, followed by several options or answer choices, only one of which is correct. Doctors MCQs cover a wide range of topics, from basic sciences to clinical medicine, and they are used in a variety of contexts, including medical school exams, licensing and certification exams, and continuing medical education.

151 to 200 MCQs for Doctors and Medical Students for Exams and Interviews

Doctors MCQs cover a wide range of topics, from basic sciences to clinical medicine, and they are used in a variety of contexts, including medical school exams, licensing and certification exams, and continuing medical education.

151 to 200 MCQs

151. At 28 weeks gestation where would you expect to feel the uterine fundus?
     1. Symphysis pubis
     2. Umbilicus
     3. Xiphisternum
     4. Halfway between xiphisternum and umbilicus ✔
152. Which of the following is thought to be a cause of hyperemesis gravidarum?
     1. High levels of circulating HCG ✔
     2. Underlying infection
     3. Over eating
     4. Psychological issues
153. Which of the following methods is the correct way to calculate the estimated date of delivery (EDD)?
     1. First day of LMP + 9 months and 1 week ✔
     2. Last day of LMP + 8 months and 1 week
     3. First day of LMP + 9 months
     4. First day of last menstrual period (LMP) + 8 months and 1 week
154. Which period of gestation does the 2nd trimester represent?
     1. 13-28 weeks ✔
     1. 15-30 weeks
     2. 14-29 weeks
     3. 10-20 weeks
155. At 36 weeks gestation where would you expect to find the uterine fundus?
     1. Halfway between umbilicus and xiphisternum
     2. Symphysis pubis
     3. Umbilicus
     4. Xiphisternum ✔
156. At what stage of gestation would you expect a nulliparous women to begin to feel fetal movements?
     1. 14-16 weeks
     2. 18-20 weeks ✔
     3. 10-12 weeks
     4. 22-24 weeks
157. What is the most common cause of postpartum haemorrhage?
     1. Vulval or vaginal lacerations
     2. Retained placenta
     3. Uterine atony ✔
     4. Uterine rupture
158. Which period of gestation does the 1st trimester represent?
     1. 1-12 weeks ✔
     2. 1-13 weeks
     3. 1-11 weeks
     4. 1-10 weeks
159. Which of the following are risk factors for pre-eclampsia?
     1. First pregnancy
     2. Family history of pre-eclampsia in mother or sisters
     3. Obesity (BMI >35)
     4. Maternal age > 40
     5. Change of partner
     6. All of Above ✔
160. Which of the following is a prostaglandin commonly used in induction of labour?
     1. Labetalol
     2. Atenolol
     3. Misoprostol ✔

161. At 12 weeks gestation where would you expect to feel the uterine fundus?
     1. Xiphisternum
     2. Halfway between umbilicus and xiphisternum
     3. Symphysis pubis ✔
     4. Umbilicus
162. Which of the following are causes of Addison’s disease?
     1. Tuberculosis ✔
     2. Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex ✔
     3. Adrenoleukodystrophy ✔
     4. Pyelonephritis
163. What is the most common cause for the overproduction of growth hormone in acromegaly?
     1. Hyperplasia of the pituitary stalk
     2. Pituitary adenoma ✔
     3. Hypothalamic lesion
     4. Pituitary lesion
164. Which one of the following hormones binds to the pituitary and stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
     1. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) ✔
     2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
     3. Corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)
165. Which one of the following statements describes the underlying pathology of Grave’s disease?
     1. Inflammation of the thyroid gland due to lymphocytic infiltration causes the stored thyroid hormones to be released into the circulation leading to hyperthyroidism.
     2. An autoimmune disease directed against thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors. The autoantibodies stimulate the TSH receptors causing increased T3 and T4 production. ✔
     3. A benign tumour of the thyroid gland which produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones.
     4. Consumption of ground beef which has been contaminated with thyroid tissue. The thyroid tissue contains metabolically active thyroid hormones which causes hyperthyroidism.
166. Which one of the following statements is true regarding the prevalence of acromegaly?
     1. Acromegaly affects twice as many men than it does women
     2. Acromegaly effects a similar number of men and women ✔
     3. Acromegaly affects twice as many women than men
167. Which of the following statements best describes Cushing’s syndrome?
     1. Cushing’s syndrome refers to a disease process caused by abnormally low levels of aldosterone
     2. Cushing’s syndrome refers to a disease process caused by abnormally low levels of cortisol
     3. Cushing’s syndrome refers to a disease process caused by abnormally high levels of aldosterone
     4. Cushing’s syndrome refers to a disease process caused by abnormally high levels of cortisol ✔
168. Which of the following statements regarding Cushing’s syndrome is correct?
     1. Men are more likely to develop Cushing’s syndrome
     2. Women are more likely to develop Cushing’s syndrome ✔
     3. The incidence of Cushing’s syndrome is distributed equally between sexes
169. Which one of the following statements best describes an Addisonian crisis?
     1. Dangerously high levels of testosterone
     2. Severe adrenal insufficiency resulting in dangerously low serum testosterone levels
     3. Severe adrenal insufficiency resulting in dangerously low serum cortisol levels ✔
     4. Dangerously high serum cortisol levels
170. Which of the following hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary gland?
     1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ✔
     2. Growth hormone (GH)✔
     3. Oxytocin
     4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ✔
     5. Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
     6. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) ✔
     7. Prolactin ✔
     8. Luteinizing hormone (LH) ✔
171. In males which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone?
     1. Luteinizing hormone (LH) ✔
     2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
172. Which of the following statements correctly describes the pathophysiology of Cushing’s disease?
     1. Cushing’s disease results from a benign adrenal adenoma secreting excess ACTH. High levels of ACTH in turn cause increased production of cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
     2. Cushing’s disease results from a benign adrenal adenoma secreting excess levels of cortisol.
     3. Cushing’s disease results from a benign pituitary adenoma secreting excess levels of cortisol.
     4. Cushing’s disease results from a benign pituitary adenoma secreting excess ACTH. High levels of ACTH in turn causes increased production of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. ✔
173. Which of the following are Sertoli cells responsible for producing?
     1. Testosterone
     2. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
     3. Androgen binding globulin (ABG) ✔
     4. Oestrogen
174. Which one of the following is acromegaly caused by?
     1. Overproduction of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
     2. Overproduction of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
     3. Overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
     4. Overproduction of growth hormone (GH) ✔
175. Which of the following are symptoms of Addison’s disease?
     1. Weight gain
     2. Diplopia
     3. Hyperpigmentation✔
     4. Weight loss✔
     5. Striae
     6. Postural hypotension✔
     7. Moon face
     8. Fatigue✔
176. Which of the following are causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
     1. Post obstructive uropathy ✔
     2. Amyloidosis ✔
     3. Atenolol
     4. Mutations in the vasopressin (ADH) receptor gene ✔
     5. Mutations in vasopressin gene
     6. Sheehan’s syndrome
     7. Lithium ✔
177. Which one of the following is the main function of aldosterone?
     1. Increase in blood volume ✔
     2. Decrease in blood volume
178. Which of the following investigations is the gold standard for diagnosing acromegaly?
     1. Growth hormone measurement
     2. Growth hormone releasing hormone measurement
     3. Oral glucose tolerance test + Growth hormone measurement ✔
     4. Serum IGF1 measurement
179. Which of the following statements best describes diabetes insipidus?
     1. Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterised by the passage of large volumes of dilute urine ✔
     2. Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterised by the passage of small volumes of concentrated urine
     3. Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterised by the passage of small volumes of dilute urine
     4. Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterised by the passage of large volumes of concentrated urine
180. What is the most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome?
     1. Glucocorticoid treatment (iatrogenic) ✔
     2. Pituitary adenoma
     3. Adrenal adenoma
     4. Ectopic ACTH production
181. Which of the following are not causes of neurogenic diabetes insipidus?
     1. Trauma
     2. Sheehan’s syndrome
     3. Meningitis
     4. Mutatations in the vasopressin gene
     5. Polycystic kidney disease ✔
     6. Pituitary adenoma
     7. Mutatations in the vasopressin (ADH) receptor gene ✔
182. Which of the following does the adrenal cortex produce?
     1. Cortisol ✔
     2. Adrenaline
     3. Noradrenaline
     4. Aldosterone ✔
183. Which of the following statements best describes Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
     1. Inflammation of the thyroid gland as the result of a virus. The disease is often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection.
     2. A destructive autoimmune disease caused by auto-reactive antibodies against thyroglobulin. ✔
     3. Iodine deficiency
184. In regard to the investigation of hyperthyroidism, which one of the following antibodies is specific to Grave’s disease?
     1. TSH receptor antibodies ✔
     2. Thyroid peroxidase antibody
     3. Thyroglobulin antibody
185. Which of the following causes of Cushing’s syndrome does the phrase “Cushing’s disease” specifically refer to ?
     1. Pituitary adenoma ✔
     2. Ectopic ACTH production
     3. Adrenal adenoma
     4. Iatrogenic
186. Which of the following is not a symptom of Cushing’s syndrome?
     1. Easy bruising
     2. Stretch marks
     3. Increased pigmentation of skin ✔
     4. Acne
     5. Weight gain
187. What of the following statements best describes a toxic thyroid adenoma?
     1. Inflammation of the thyroid gland due to lymphocytic infiltration causing stored thyroid hormones to be released into the circulation leading to hyperthyroidism.
     2. A malignant tumour of the thyroid gland which produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. These arise from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
     3. An autoimmune disease directed against thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors. The autoantibodies stimulate the TSH receptors causing increased T3 and T4 production
     4. A benign tumour of the thyroid gland which produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. These arise from the follicular cells of the thyroid. ✔
188. Which of the following are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
     1. Urinary frequency
     2. Diarrhoea ✔
     3. Weight gain
     4. Weight loss✔
     5. Heat intolerance ✔
     6. Tremor ✔
189. Which age group does acromegaly most commonly affect?
     1. 55-70 years
     2. 10-25 years
     3. 30-50 years ✔
     4. 25-40 years
190. What is Addison’s disease?
     1. Addison’s disease involves the overproduction of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal cortex.
     2. Addison’s disease involves the overproduction of androgens by the adrenal medulla.
     3. Addison’s disease is a long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones. ✔
     4. Addison’s disease involves the underproduction of androgens by the adrenal medulla.
191. Which of the following is the underlying problem in neurogenic diabetes insipidus?
     1. Overproduction of oxytocin
     2. Overproduction of prolactin
     3. Lack of prolactin
     4. Lack of oxytocin
     5. Overproduction of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
     6. Lack of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) ✔
192. Which is a more sensitive measure of thyroid function?
     1. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ✔
     2. Free T4
     3. Free T3
193. Which of the following are symptoms of acromegaly?
     1. Headache ✔
     2. Visual changes (double vision, reduced vision, tunnel vision) ✔
     3. Abdominal distention
     4. Vomiting
     5. Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) ✔
     6. Widespread rash
     7. Increased finger ring size ✔
     8. Deepening voice ✔
     9. Diarrhoea
     10. Paresthesia and weakness in the hands ✔
194. What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
     1. Grave’s disease ✔
     2. Toxic thyroid adenoma
     3. Toxic multinodular goitre
     4. Thyroiditis
195. Which of the following hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary gland?
     1. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
     2. Growth hormone (GH)
     3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
     4. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
     5. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
     6. Oxytocin ✔
     7. Prolactin
     8. Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) ✔
196. Which of the following are correct regarding the effects of increased levels of growth hormone in acromegaly?
     1. Increased levels of growth hormone stimulate increased production of insulin like growth factor one (IGF1) from the adrenal glands
     2. Increased levels of growth hormone stimulate increased production of vasopressin from the adrenal glands
     3. Increased levels of growth hormone stimulate increased production of vasopressin from the liver
     4. Increased levels of growth hormone stimulate increased production of insulin like growth factor one (IGF1) from the liver ✔
197. What do Leydig cells produce?
     1. Testosterone ✔
     2. Semen
     3. Androgen binding globulin
     4. Oestrogen
198. Which of the following are common symptoms of hypothyroidism?
     1. Weight gain ✔
     2. Hyporeflexia ✔
     3. Hair loss ✔
     4. Oily skin
     5. Excessive hair growth
     6. Weight loss
     7. Dry skin ✔
199. Which one of the following statements best defines dipsogenic diabetes insipidus?
     1. Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect or damage to the pituitary gland causing malfunction of the thirst mechanism.
     2. Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect or damage to the pituitary stalk causing malfunction of the thirst mechanism.
     3. Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect or damage to the hypothalamus causing malfunction of the thirst mechanism. ✔
     4. Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect or damage to the pituitary stalk causing malfunction of the hunger mechanism.
200. Which of the following hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
     1. Epinephrine (adrenaline)
     2. Aldosterone ✔
     3. 5-DHEA ✔
     4. Cortisol ✔
     5. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

One of the advantages of MCQs is that they can test a large amount of information in a relatively short amount of time. This is especially important in medical education, where there is an overwhelming amount of information that needs to be learned and assessed. MCQs also allow for objective and standardized grading, which is essential for ensuring fairness and consistency in assessment.

However, designing effective MCQs can be a challenging task, and there are several key principles that need to be followed to ensure that these questions are reliable, valid, and useful. One of the most important principles is to ensure that the questions are written in a clear and concise manner, with a stem that accurately reflects the knowledge and skills that are being assessed. The answer options should be well-differentiated and plausible, and the correct answer should be defensible and based on sound clinical reasoning.

Another important principle is to ensure that the MCQs cover a representative sample of the knowledge and skills that are required for the specific exam or assessment. This means that the questions should be designed to test both basic and advanced knowledge, and they should cover a range of topics and clinical scenarios. The questions should also be designed to test different levels of cognitive complexity, from simple recall of facts to higher-order thinking and problem-solving.

There are several different types of MCQs that can be used to assess doctors, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. One common type is the single best answer MCQ, where the stem is followed by several options, only one of which is the correct answer. This type of MCQ is relatively straightforward to write and grade, and it is useful for testing basic knowledge and clinical reasoning.

Another type of MCQ is the extended matching item (EMI), which consists of a list of options that are matched to several stems or clinical scenarios. This type of MCQ is useful for testing a broad range of knowledge and skills, and it can be particularly effective for testing diagnostic reasoning and clinical decision-making.

A third type of MCQ is the key feature question (KFQ), which is designed to test the ability to identify important clinical features and to make appropriate management decisions. This type of MCQ is useful for testing advanced knowledge and clinical reasoning, and it can be particularly effective for testing the ability to integrate multiple pieces of information and to make complex decisions.

Regardless of the type of MCQ used, it is important to ensure that the questions are of high quality and that they accurately reflect the knowledge and skills required for the specific exam or assessment. This requires careful attention to the design and development of the questions, as well as rigorous testing and validation to ensure that they are reliable, valid, and useful.

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Possible References Used

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