Mini Rolling Robot Takes Virtual Biopsies: A Breakthrough in Early Cancer Detection

A groundbreaking miniature magnetic robot capable of capturing high-resolution 3D scans from deep within the body could revolutionize early cancer detection, according to a new study published in Science Robotics¹. Developed by a team of engineers, scientists, and clinicians from the University of Leeds², the University of Glasgow, and the University of Edinburgh, this innovative device enables “virtual biopsies”—non-invasive scans that provide immediate diagnostic data, eliminating the need for traditional tissue sampling.

A New Era in Cancer Diagnosis

The key to this advancement lies in an unconventional 3D shape called the oloid, which allows the robot to perform a unique rolling motion essential for precise navigation inside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Unlike cylindrical robots, which cannot roll under magnetic control, the oloid’s geometry enables smooth movement, making it possible to generate detailed 3D ultrasound images from deep within the gut for the first time.

“This research enables us to reconstruct a 3D ultrasound image taken from a probe deep inside the gut—something that has never been done before,” said Professor Pietro Valdastri³, Chair in Robotics and Autonomous Systems at the University of Leeds and Director of the STORM Lab⁴, who led the study.

How It Works

The oloid magnetic endoscope (OME), just 21 mm in diameter (about the size of a 1p coin), is equipped with a 28 MHz micro-ultrasound array that captures microscopic-level tissue details. Unlike conventional ultrasound, which is used for fetal imaging or organ examinations, this high-frequency probe allows clinicians to visualize tissue layers in unprecedented detail, mimicking the results of a physical biopsy without invasive procedures.

Nikita Greenidge⁵, lead author of the study and a postgraduate researcher at Leeds, explained: “By combining advanced robotics with medical ultrasound imaging, we take this innovation one step ahead of traditional colonoscopy, allowing doctors to diagnose and treat in a single procedure.”

Potential to Transform Patient Care

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, but early detection significantly improves survival rates. Current diagnostic methods require tissue removal, lab analysis, and a 1-3 week waiting period, causing patient anxiety and potential delays in treatment. The new system could streamline this process, offering real-time diagnostics in a single procedure.

The team tested the OME in artificial colons and live pigs, demonstrating its ability to:

• Perform controlled rolling and sweeping motions inside the colon.
• Generate high-resolution 3D ultrasound scans for accurate diagnosis.
• Identify lesions in gastrointestinal tissue, aiding early disease detection.

Future Applications and Human Trials

While the current focus is on colorectal cancer, the oloid’s rolling mechanism could be adapted for other medical robots, expanding its use to different parts of the body. The team aims to begin human trials by 2026, with the Leeds robotic colonoscopy platform already undergoing commercialization by Atlas Endoscopy, a spin-out company from the STORM Lab.

Professor Sandy Cochran from the University of Glasgow, who led the ultrasound component, emphasized the broader impact: “Through this collaborative approach, linking medical ultrasound imaging and cutting-edge robotics, we hope to help bring about transformative changes in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and patient management.”

A Step Toward Autonomous Endoscopy

The study also highlights the potential for autonomous systems to assist in endoscopy, allowing clinicians to focus on critical decisions while robots handle routine navigation. Additionally, the OME’s design could help address gender disparities in colonoscopies, as traditional procedures are often more challenging in women, leading to higher rates of incomplete examinations.

Jane Nicholson, Executive Director of Research at EPSRC⁶, praised the breakthrough: “Progress from cutting-edge technology developments is enabling rapid, non-invasive solutions that could revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment.”

With further development, this miniature rolling robot could become a cornerstone of precision medicine, offering faster, safer, and more accurate diagnostics for millions of patients worldwide.

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