Human placental lactogen (hPL) is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It plays a crucial role in preparing the body for breastfeeding and regulating metabolism to ensure the fetus receives adequate nutrients. hPL levels are detectable around 6 weeks after conception and gradually increase, peaking around the 34th week, where they remain stable until delivery. This hormone is essential for assessing placental function and fetal well-being, with low or suddenly dropping levels potentially indicating fetal distress. After delivery, hPL levels quickly drop to undetectable levels.
In multiple pregnancies, hPL levels are generally higher than in single pregnancies, particularly from the second trimester to delivery. The hPL test, which measures this hormone in the blood, is often performed during the second or third trimester to monitor fetal growth and detect potential complications, such as gestational diabetes. This test helps healthcare providers ensure both the mother and baby are healthy and developing properly.
Human placental lactogen (hPL) is also known as human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS). Both terms refer to the same hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy
What is Human Placental Lactogen?
Human placental lactogen (hPL) is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy that helps regulate metabolism to ensure the fetus receives adequate nutrients. A blood test measuring hPL levels can help healthcare providers assess placental function and fetal health, ensuring the pregnancy is progressing well.
Role of HPL in Pregnancy:
- Regulates Metabolism: HPL helps adjust the mother’s metabolism to ensure a steady supply of nutrients to the growing fetus.
- Supports Fetal Growth: By increasing insulin resistance in the mother, HPL ensures that more glucose is available for the fetus, promoting healthy growth.
- Prepares for Lactation: HPL stimulates the mammary glands, preparing the mother’s body for breastfeeding after delivery.
- Monitors Placental Function: The levels of HPL in the mother’s blood provide an indicator of placental health and can signal potential complications if abnormal.
- Contributes to Maternal Adaptation: HPL plays a role in the mother’s adaptation to pregnancy, helping to maintain energy balance and nutrient supply.
- Influences Fat Metabolism: HPL promotes the breakdown of fats to free fatty acids, which can be used as an energy source, preserving glucose for fetal use.
Why get tested ?
- To evaluate how well the placenta is functioning.
- To ensure the fetus is receiving adequate nutrients and developing properly.
- To identify potential issues like fetal distress or gestational diabetes.
- To help healthcare providers tailor care based on the health of the mother and fetus.
When to get tested ?
- During the second or third trimester as part of regular monitoring.
- If there are concerns about placental function or fetal growth.
- In cases of multiple pregnancies, gestational diabetes, or other high-risk factors.
- If there are signs of potential complications, such as reduced fetal movement.
HPL Test Normal Range:
| Males & Non-Pregnant Females | 0.00-0.10 mcg/mL |
| 1st Trimester (6-12 weeks) | 0.20-2.10 mcg/mL |
| 2nd Trimester (13-27 weeks) | 0.50-6.70 mcg/mL |
| 3rd Trimester (28-40 weeks) | 4.50-12.80 mcg/mL |
HPL Test Preparation:
- Fasting: No special fasting is typically required for an HPL test, but follow any specific instructions given by your healthcare provider.
- Timing: The test is usually performed during routine prenatal checkups in the second or third trimester. Ensure you follow the timing recommendations provided.
- Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you are taking, as they might affect test results.
- Hydration: Stay well-hydrated before the test to make blood collection easier.
- Consultation: Discuss any concerns or symptoms with your healthcare provider prior to the test for personalized advice.
Interpretation of HPL Test Results:
- Normal Levels: Indicates healthy placental function and normal fetal growth.
- High Levels: May suggest multiple pregnancies or a risk of gestational diabetes; could indicate other pregnancy-related conditions.
- Low Levels: May point to placental insufficiency, fetal growth restriction, or other complications.
- Sudden Drop: Could indicate fetal distress or significant pregnancy issues.
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